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- přehled jednotlivých modálních sloves
- přehled modálních sloves podle významu
modální |
význam |
příklad |
can |
umět - ability |
I can swim. (Umím plavat.) |
can |
svolení - permission |
He can smoke in the garden. (V zahradě smí kouřit.) |
can |
požadavek - request |
Can I borrow your bike? Mohu si půjčit tvé kolo? |
can |
možnost - possibility |
It can snow every day in January. |
can |
návrh - suggestion |
You can work part-time. |
cannot |
nemožnost |
She cannot be hungry. (She just ate a huge lunch.) |
could |
umět - ability |
I could swim when I was 5. |
could |
možnost - possibility |
He could come tomorrow. |
could |
žádost - request |
Could I borrow your phone, please? |
could |
návrh - suggestion |
You could bring him a present. |
couldn't |
impossibility |
You couldn't be thirsty. You just drank a bottle of water |
may |
zdvořilá žádost |
May I borrow your pencil? |
may |
svolení |
You may leave now. |
may |
možnost |
Susan is absent today. She may be sick. |
might |
možnost |
Susan is absent today. She might be sick. |
should |
rada/ názor |
You should brush your teeth twice a day. |
should |
povinnost |
Doctors should treat the patients. |
should |
očekávání |
He should be at home, he called in sick. |
must |
nutnost - necessity |
You must carry your passport at all times. |
have to |
nutnost - necessity |
You have to carry your passport at all times. |
don't have to |
není nutno |
You don't have to go to bed early. |
must |
jistota úsudku |
He works from 9, it's 10 now. He must be at work. |
must not |
zákaz - prohibition |
You mustn't eat before the surgery. |
would |
zdvořilá žádost |
Would you open the window for me, please? |
would |
opakovaná činnost |
I would play with my dog every day. |
would |
dávání přednosti |
I would rather buy a good book. |
shall |
návrh/ žádost |
Shall I pick you up after work? |
will |
návrh/ žádost |
Will you marry me? |
ought to |
rada/ názor |
You ought to brush your teeth twice a day. |
ought to |
povinnost |
Doctors ought to treat the patients. |
ought to |
očekávání |
He ought to be at home, he called in sick. |
had better |
výrazné doporučení |
You are driving too fast. You had better slow down. |
can't have |
něco nemožného |
You can't have seen the movie. |
couldn't have |
něco nemožného |
You couldn't have seen the movie. |
could have |
nevyužitá možnost |
I could have saved more money. |
may have |
možnost v minulosti |
The dog was barking today. He may have seen a burglar. |
might have |
možnost v minulosti |
The dog was barking today. He might have seen a burglar. |
should have |
rada, názor |
I should have gone to bed earlier. |
ought to have |
rada, názor |
I ought to have gone to bed earlier. |
must have |
jistota úsudku |
He has a cast on his leg. He must have broken it. |
would have |
ochota něco udělat |
I would have fixed it for you. |
would rather have |
vyjádření přednosti |
He would have rather lived in a big city. |